Optimizing Headless Browser Traffic: Cost Reduction Strategies with Puppeteer for Efficient Data Scraping

Overview When using Puppeteer for data scraping, traffic consumption is an important consideration. Especially when using proxy services, traffic costs can increase significantly. To optimize traffic usage, we can adopt the following strategies: Resource interception: Reduce traffic consumption by intercepting unnecessary resource requests. Request URL interception: Further reduce traffic by intercepting specific requests based on URL characteristics. Simulate mobile devices: Use mobile device configurations to obtain lighter page versions. Comprehensive optimization: Combine the above methods to achieve the best results. Optimization Scheme 1: Resource Interception Resource Interception Introduction In Puppeteer, page.setRequestInterception(true) can capture every network request initiated by the browser and decide to continue (request.continue()), terminate (request.abort()), or customize the response (request.respond()). This method can significantly reduce bandwidth consumption, especially suitable for crawling, screenshotting, and performance optimization scenarios. Interceptable Resource Types and Suggestions Resource Type Description Example Impact After Interception Recommendation image Image resources JPG/PNG/GIF/WebP images Images will not be displayed ⭐ Safe font Font files TTF/WOFF/WOFF2 fonts System default fonts will be used instead ⭐ Safe media Media files Video/audio files Media content cannot be played ⭐ Safe manifest Web App Manifest PWA configuration file PWA functionality may be affected ⭐ Safe prefetch Prefetch resources Minimal impact on the page ⭐ Safe stylesheet CSS Stylesheet External CSS files Page styles are lost, may affect layout ⚠️ Caution websocket WebSocket Real-time communication connection Real-time functionality disabled ⚠️ Caution eventsource Server-Sent Events Server push data Push functionality disabled ⚠️ Caution preflight CORS preflight request OPTIONS request Cross-origin requests fail ⚠️ Caution script JavaScript scripts External JS files Dynamic functionality disabled, SPA may not render ❌ Avoid xhr XHR requests AJAX data requests Unable to obtain dynamic data ❌ Avoid fetch Fetch requests Modern AJAX requests Unable to obtain dynamic data ❌ Avoid document Main document HTML page itself Page cannot load ❌ Avoid Recommendation Level Explanation: ⭐ Safe: Interception has almost no impact on data scraping or first-screen rendering; it is recommended to block by default. ⚠️ Caution: May break styles, real-time functions, or cross-origin requests; requires business judgment. ❌ Avoid: High probability of causing SPA/dynamic sites to fail to render or obtain data normally, unless you are absolutely sure you don't need these resources. Resource Interception Example Code import puppeteer from 'puppeteer-core'; const scrapelessUrl = 'wss://browser.scrapeless.com/browser?token=your_api_key&session_ttl=180&proxy_country=ANY'; async function scrapeWithResourceBlocking(url) { const browser = await puppeteer.connect({ browserWSEndpoint: scrapelessUrl, defaultViewport: null }); const page = await browser.newPage(); // Enable request interception await page.setRequestInterception(true); // Define resource types to block const BLOCKED_TYPES = new Set([ 'image', 'font', 'media', 'stylesheet', ]); // Intercept requests page.on('request', (request) => { if (BLOCKED_TYPES.has(request.resourceType())) { request.abort(); console.log(`Blocked: ${request.resourceType()} - ${request.url().substring(0, 50)}...`); } else { request.continue(); } }); await page.goto(url, {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'}); // Extract data const data = await page.evaluate(() => { return { title: document.title, content: document.body.innerText.substring(0, 1000) }; }); await browser.close(); return data; } // Usage scrapeWithResourceBlocking('https://www.scrapeless.com') .then(data => console.log('Scraping result:', data)) .catch(error => console.error('Scraping failed:', error)); Optimization Scheme 2: Request URL Interception In addition to intercepting by resource type, more granular interception control can be performed based on URL characteristics. This is particularly effective for blocking ads, analytics scripts, and other unnecessary third-party requests. URL Interception Strategies Intercept by domain: Block all requests from a specific domain Intercept by path: Block requests from a specific path Intercept by file type: Block files with specific extensions Intercept by keyword: Block requests whose URLs contain specific keywords Common Interceptable URL Patterns URL Pattern Description Example Recommendation Advertisi

Apr 27, 2025 - 04:10

Optimizing Headless Browser Traffic: Cost Reduction Strategies with Puppeteer for Efficient Data Scraping

Overview

When using Puppeteer for data scraping, traffic consumption is an important consideration. Especially when using proxy services, traffic costs can increase significantly. To optimize traffic usage, we can adopt the following strategies:

Resource interception: Reduce traffic consumption by intercepting unnecessary resource requests.
Request URL interception: Further reduce traffic by intercepting specific requests based on URL characteristics.
Simulate mobile devices: Use mobile device configurations to obtain lighter page versions.
Comprehensive optimization: Combine the above methods to achieve the best results.

Optimization Scheme 1: Resource Interception

Resource Interception Introduction

In Puppeteer, page.setRequestInterception(true) can capture every network request initiated by the browser and decide to continue (request.continue()), terminate (request.abort()), or customize the response (request.respond()).

This method can significantly reduce bandwidth consumption, especially suitable for crawling, screenshotting, and performance optimization scenarios.

Interceptable Resource Types and Suggestions

Resource Type	Description	Example	Impact After Interception	Recommendation
`image`	Image resources	JPG/PNG/GIF/WebP images	Images will not be displayed	⭐ Safe
`font`	Font files	TTF/WOFF/WOFF2 fonts	System default fonts will be used instead	⭐ Safe
`media`	Media files	Video/audio files	Media content cannot be played	⭐ Safe
`manifest`	Web App Manifest	PWA configuration file	PWA functionality may be affected	⭐ Safe
`prefetch`	Prefetch resources		Minimal impact on the page	⭐ Safe
`stylesheet`	CSS Stylesheet	External CSS files	Page styles are lost, may affect layout	⚠️ Caution
`websocket`	WebSocket	Real-time communication connection	Real-time functionality disabled	⚠️ Caution
`eventsource`	Server-Sent Events	Server push data	Push functionality disabled	⚠️ Caution
`preflight`	CORS preflight request	OPTIONS request	Cross-origin requests fail	⚠️ Caution
`script`	JavaScript scripts	External JS files	Dynamic functionality disabled, SPA may not render	❌ Avoid
`xhr`	XHR requests	AJAX data requests	Unable to obtain dynamic data	❌ Avoid
`fetch`	Fetch requests	Modern AJAX requests	Unable to obtain dynamic data	❌ Avoid
`document`	Main document	HTML page itself	Page cannot load	❌ Avoid

Recommendation Level Explanation:

⭐ Safe: Interception has almost no impact on data scraping or first-screen rendering; it is recommended to block by default.
⚠️ Caution: May break styles, real-time functions, or cross-origin requests; requires business judgment.
❌ Avoid: High probability of causing SPA/dynamic sites to fail to render or obtain data normally, unless you are absolutely sure you don't need these resources.

Resource Interception Example Code

import puppeteer from 'puppeteer-core';

const scrapelessUrl = 'wss://browser.scrapeless.com/browser?token=your_api_key&session_ttl=180&proxy_country=ANY';

async function scrapeWithResourceBlocking(url) {
    const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
        browserWSEndpoint: scrapelessUrl,
        defaultViewport: null
    });
    const page = await browser.newPage();

    // Enable request interception
    await page.setRequestInterception(true);

    // Define resource types to block
    const BLOCKED_TYPES = new Set([
        'image',
        'font',
        'media',
        'stylesheet',
    ]);

    // Intercept requests
    page.on('request', (request) => {
        if (BLOCKED_TYPES.has(request.resourceType())) {
            request.abort();
            console.log(`Blocked: ${request.resourceType()} - ${request.url().substring(0, 50)}...`);
        } else {
            request.continue();
        }
    });

    await page.goto(url, {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});

    // Extract data
    const data = await page.evaluate(() => {
        return {
            title: document.title,
            content: document.body.innerText.substring(0, 1000)
        };
    });

    await browser.close();
    return data;
}

// Usage
scrapeWithResourceBlocking('https://www.scrapeless.com')
    .then(data => console.log('Scraping result:', data))
    .catch(error => console.error('Scraping failed:', error));

Optimization Scheme 2: Request URL Interception

In addition to intercepting by resource type, more granular interception control can be performed based on URL characteristics. This is particularly effective for blocking ads, analytics scripts, and other unnecessary third-party requests.

URL Interception Strategies

Intercept by domain: Block all requests from a specific domain
Intercept by path: Block requests from a specific path
Intercept by file type: Block files with specific extensions
Intercept by keyword: Block requests whose URLs contain specific keywords

Common Interceptable URL Patterns

URL Pattern	Description	Example	Recommendation
Advertising services	Advertising network domains	`ad.doubleclick.net`, `googleadservices.com`	⭐ Safe
Analytics services	Statistics and analytics scripts	`google-analytics.com`, `hotjar.com`	⭐ Safe
Social media plugins	Social sharing buttons, etc.	`platform.twitter.com`, `connect.facebook.net`	⭐ Safe
Tracking pixels	Pixels that track user behavior	URLs containing `pixel`, `beacon`, `tracker`	⭐ Safe
Large media files	Large video, audio files	Extensions like `.mp4`, `.webm`, `.mp3`	⭐ Safe
Font services	Online font services	`fonts.googleapis.com`, `use.typekit.net`	⭐ Safe
CDN resources	Static resource CDN	`cdn.jsdelivr.net`, `unpkg.com`	⚠️ Caution

URL Interception Example Code

import puppeteer from 'puppeteer-core';

const scrapelessUrl = 'wss://browser.scrapeless.com/browser?token=your_api_key&session_ttl=180&proxy_country=ANY';

async function scrapeWithUrlBlocking(url) {
    const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
        browserWSEndpoint: scrapelessUrl,
        defaultViewport: null
    });
    const page = await browser.newPage();

    // Enable request interception
    await page.setRequestInterception(true);

    // Define domains and URL patterns to block
    const BLOCKED_DOMAINS = [
        'google-analytics.com',
        'googletagmanager.com',
        'doubleclick.net',
        'facebook.net',
        'twitter.com',
        'linkedin.com',
        'adservice.google.com',
    ];

    const BLOCKED_PATHS = [
        '/ads/',
        '/analytics/',
        '/pixel/',
        '/tracking/',
        '/stats/',
    ];

    // Intercept requests
    page.on('request', (request) => {
        const url = request.url();

        // Check domain
        if (BLOCKED_DOMAINS.some(domain => url.includes(domain))) {
            request.abort();
            console.log(`Blocked domain: ${url.substring(0, 50)}...`);
            return;
        }

        // Check path
        if (BLOCKED_PATHS.some(path => url.includes(path))) {
            request.abort();
            console.log(`Blocked path: ${url.substring(0, 50)}...`);
            return;
        }

        // Allow other requests
        request.continue();
    });

    await page.goto(url, {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});

    // Extract data
    const data = await page.evaluate(() => {
        return {
            title: document.title,
            content: document.body.innerText.substring(0, 1000)
        };
    });

    await browser.close();
    return data;
}

// Usage
scrapeWithUrlBlocking('https://www.scrapeless.com')
    .then(data => console.log('Scraping result:', data))
    .catch(error => console.error('Scraping failed:', error));

Optimization Scheme 3: Simulate Mobile Devices

Simulating mobile devices is another effective traffic optimization strategy because mobile websites usually provide lighter page content.

Advantages of Mobile Device Simulation

Lighter page versions: Many websites provide more concise content for mobile devices
Smaller image resources: Mobile versions usually load smaller images
Simplified CSS and JavaScript: Mobile versions usually use simplified styles and scripts
Reduced ads and non-core content: Mobile versions often remove some non-core functionality
Adaptive response: Obtain content layouts optimized for small screens

Mobile Device Simulation Configuration

Here are the configuration parameters for several commonly used mobile devices:

const iPhoneX = {
    viewport: {
        width: 375,
        height: 812,
        deviceScaleFactor: 3,
        isMobile: true,
        hasTouch: true,
        isLandscape: false
    }
};

Or directly use the built-in methods of puppeteer to simulate mobile devices

import { KnownDevices } from 'puppeteer-core';
const iPhone = KnownDevices['iPhone 15 Pro'];

const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.emulate(iPhone);

Mobile Device Simulation Example Code

import puppeteer, {KnownDevices} from 'puppeteer-core';

const scrapelessUrl = 'wss://browser.scrapeless.com/browser?token=your_api_key&session_ttl=180&proxy_country=ANY';

async function scrapeWithMobileEmulation(url) {
    const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
        browserWSEndpoint: scrapelessUrl,
        defaultViewport: null
    });

    const page = await browser.newPage();

    // Set mobile device simulation
    const iPhone = KnownDevices['iPhone 15 Pro'];
    await page.emulate(iPhone);

    await page.goto(url, {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});
    // Extract data
    const data = await page.evaluate(() => {
        return {
            title: document.title,
            content: document.body.innerText.substring(0, 1000)
        };
    });

    await browser.close();
    return data;
}

// Usage
scrapeWithMobileEmulation('https://www.scrapeless.com')
    .then(data => console.log('Scraping result:', data))
    .catch(error => console.error('Scraping failed:', error));

Comprehensive Optimization Example

Here is a comprehensive example combining all optimization schemes:

import puppeteer, {KnownDevices} from 'puppeteer-core';

const scrapelessUrl = 'wss://browser.scrapeless.com/browser?token=your_api_key&session_ttl=180&proxy_country=ANY';

async function optimizedScraping(url) {
    console.log(`Starting optimized scraping: ${url}`);

    // Record traffic usage
    let totalBytesUsed = 0;

    const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
        browserWSEndpoint: scrapelessUrl,
        defaultViewport: null
    });

    const page = await browser.newPage();

    // Set mobile device simulation
    const iPhone = KnownDevices['iPhone 15 Pro'];
    await page.emulate(iPhone);

    // Set request interception
    await page.setRequestInterception(true);

    // Define resource types to block
    const BLOCKED_TYPES = [
        'image',
        'media',
        'font'
    ];

    // Define domains to block
    const BLOCKED_DOMAINS = [
        'google-analytics.com',
        'googletagmanager.com',
        'facebook.net',
        'doubleclick.net',
        'adservice.google.com'
    ];

    // Define URL paths to block
    const BLOCKED_PATHS = [
        '/ads/',
        '/analytics/',
        '/tracking/'
    ];

    // Intercept requests
    page.on('request', (request) => {
        const url = request.url();
        const resourceType = request.resourceType();

        // Check resource type
        if (BLOCKED_TYPES.includes(resourceType)) {
            console.log(`Blocked resource type: ${resourceType} - ${url.substring(0, 50)}...`);
            request.abort();
            return;
        }

        // Check domain
        if (BLOCKED_DOMAINS.some(domain => url.includes(domain))) {
            console.log(`Blocked domain: ${url.substring(0, 50)}...`);
            request.abort();
            return;
        }

        // Check path
        if (BLOCKED_PATHS.some(path => url.includes(path))) {
            console.log(`Blocked path: ${url.substring(0, 50)}...`);
            request.abort();
            return;
        }

        // Allow other requests
        request.continue();
    });

    // Monitor network traffic
    page.on('response', async (response) => {
        const headers = response.headers();
        const contentLength = headers['content-length'] ? parseInt(headers['content-length'], 10) : 0;
        totalBytesUsed += contentLength;
    });

    await page.goto(url, {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});

    // Simulate scrolling to trigger lazy-loading content
    await page.evaluate(() => {
        window.scrollBy(0, window.innerHeight);
    });

    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000))

    // Extract data
    const data = await page.evaluate(() => {
        return {
            title: document.title,
            content: document.body.innerText.substring(0, 1000),
            links: Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('a')).slice(0, 10).map(a => ({
                text: a.innerText,
                href: a.href
            }))
        };
    });

    // Output traffic usage statistics
    console.log(`\nTraffic Usage Statistics:`);
    console.log(`Used: ${(totalBytesUsed / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2)} MB`);

    await browser.close();
    return data;
}

// Usage
optimizedScraping('https://www.scrapeless.com')
    .then(data => console.log('Scraping complete:', data))
    .catch(error => console.error('Scraping failed:', error));

Optimization Comparison

We try removing the optimized code from the comprehensive example to compare the traffic before and after optimization. Here is the unoptimized example code:

import puppeteer from 'puppeteer-core';

const scrapelessUrl = 'wss://browser.scrapeless.com/browser?token=your_api_key&session_ttl=180&proxy_country=ANY';

async function optimizedScraping(url) {
  console.log(`Starting optimized scraping: ${url}`);

  // Record traffic usage
  let totalBytesUsed = 0;

  const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
    browserWSEndpoint: scrapelessUrl,
    defaultViewport: null
  });

  const page = await browser.newPage();

  // Set request interception
  await page.setRequestInterception(true);

  // Intercept requests
  page.on('request', (request) => {
    request.continue();
  });

  // Monitor network traffic
  page.on('response', async (response) => {
    const headers = response.headers();
    const contentLength = headers['content-length'] ? parseInt(headers['content-length'], 10) : 0;
    totalBytesUsed += contentLength;
  });

  await page.goto(url, {waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded'});

  // Simulate scrolling to trigger lazy-loading content
  await page.evaluate(() => {
    window.scrollBy(0, window.innerHeight);
  });

  await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000))

  // Extract data
  const data = await page.evaluate(() => {
    return {
      title: document.title,
      content: document.body.innerText.substring(0, 1000),
      links: Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('a')).slice(0, 10).map(a => ({
        text: a.innerText,
        href: a.href
      }))
    };
  });

  // Output traffic usage statistics
  console.log(`\nTraffic Usage Statistics:`);
  console.log(`Used: ${(totalBytesUsed / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2)} MB`);

  await browser.close();
  return data;
}

// Usage
optimizedScraping('https://www.scrapeless.com')
  .then(data => console.log('Scraping complete:', data))
  .catch(error => console.error('Scraping failed:', error));

After running the unoptimized code, we can see the traffic difference very intuitively from the printed information:

Scenario	Traffic Used (MB)	Saving Ratio
Unoptimized	6.03	—
Optimized	0.81	≈ 86.6 %

By combining the above optimization schemes, proxy traffic consumption can be significantly reduced, scraping efficiency can be improved, and ensuring that the required core content is obtained.